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Sister republic
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Sister republics (, ) were established by the French First Republic or local pro-French revolutionaries during the French Revolutionary Wars. Though nominally independent, sister republics were heavily reliant on French protection, making them in effect of France. This became particularly evident after the First French Empire was established in 1804, after which France annexed several sister republics and transformed the remainder into monarchies ruled by members of the House of Bonaparte.


History
The French Revolution was a period of social and political upheaval in France from 1789 until 1799. The Republicans who overthrew the monarchy were driven by ideas of popular sovereignty, rule of law, and representative democracy. The Republicans borrowed ideas and values from and Enlightenment philosophers. The French Republic supported the spread of republican principles in Europe. According to Paul D. Van Wie, most of these sister republics became a means of controlling occupied lands as client regimes through a mix of French and local power.
(1999). 9780761812227, University Press of America. .


List of Sister Republics
Subalpine Republic1800–1802PiedmontAnnexed by the French Republic.
Piedmontese Republic1798–1799PiedmontPredecessor to the Subalpine Republic. Conquered by Austro-Russian troops, later reconquered by Napoleon.
Republic of Alba1796AlbaPredecessor to the Piedmontese Republic; reconquered by the Kingdom of Sardinia.
Parthenopean Republic1799NaplesReconquered by the for the King of Naples and Sicily.
Republic of Pescara1799PescaraReunited with the Kingdom of Naples.
Roman Republic1798–1799Papal StatesEnded with the restoration of the .
Anconine Republic1797–1798AnconaJoined the Roman Republic.
Tiberina Republic1798–1799PerugiaJoined the Roman Republic.
Ligurian Republic1797–1805GenoaAnnexed by the French Empire.
Republic of Lucca1799, 1800–1805LuccaReplaced by the Principality of Lucca and Piombino.
Italian Republic (Napoleonic)1802–1805Northern ItalyTransformed into the Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic).
Cisalpine Republic1797–1802Northern ItalyTransformed into the Italian Republic.
Cispadane Republic1796–1797Emilia-RomagnaMerged with the Transpadane Republic to form the Cisalpine Republic.
Bolognese Republic1796BolognaAnnexed by the Cispadane Republic.
Transpadane Republic1796–1797LombardyMerged with the Cispadane Republic to form the Cisalpine Republic.
Republic of Crema1797CremaAnnexed by the Cisalpine Republic.
Republic of Bergamo1797BergamoAnnexed by the Cisalpine Republic.
Republic of Brescia1797BresciaAnnexed by the Cisalpine Republic.
Provisional Municipality of Venice1797–1798VeniceCeded to the by the Treaty of Campo Formio.
Republic of Bouillon1794–1795Bouillon (modern-day )Annexed by the French First Republic.
Republic of Liège1789–1791Prince-Bishopric of Liège (modern-day )Dissolved after restoration of the Prince-Bishopric; later annexed by France.
Rauracian Republic1792–1793Basel (modern-day )Annexed by the French First Republic.
Lémanique Republic1798Vaud (modern-day )Joined the Helvetic Republic as the Canton of Léman.
Republic of Mainz1793Rhenish Hesse and Palatinate (modern-day )Collapsed upon the Prussian reconquest of Mainz.
Batavian Republic1795–1806NetherlandsReplaced by the Kingdom of Holland.
Cisrhenian Republic1797West bank of the Rhine (modern-day )Proclaimed but not fully established; area annexed by France.
Irish Republic (1798)1798Connacht ()Proclaimed during the Irish Rebellion of 1798; collapsed with the defeat of the Franco-Irish force.
Helvetic Republic1798–1803SwitzerlandDissolved by Napoleon's Act of Mediation.
Altamura1799Altamura (Kingdom of Naples)Crushed by Neapolitan royalist forces (the Sanfedisti).
Astese Republic1797AstiShort-lived, suppressed and absorbed by the Cisalpine Republic.
1796Reggio EmiliaAnnexed by the Cispadane Republic.
Rhodanic Republic1802–1810Valais (modern-day )Transformed into the Republic of Valais under French influence, later annexed.


See also
  • List of French client states

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